Sustainability Analysis and Tourism Socio-Ecosystem´s Indicators Development in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve

The generation of indicators in Protected Natural Areas is a key strategy for improving quality of life. However, tourism communities often have limited information to evaluate and quantify the functioning of the system. Therefore, this study aimed to classify local producers using multivariate analysis and descriptive statistics, as well as to characterize tourism activities through indicators in three dimensions—economic, social, and environmental—to assess the system’s sustainability and generate data for decision-making. A structured survey was designed, segmented by productive activities, and applied to 63 ejidatarios using purposive sampling. The statistical analysis provided indicators for the economic, environmental, and social dimensions, establishing reference values that serve as a baseline for decision-making. Finally, training courses are proposed to enhance the performance of economic activities.